DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY

 

OVERVIEW

Generally, Pathology will be divided into multiple organ system units. Each unit is to be overseen by a pathologist, clinician and laboratory scientist.

The over all aim is in-depth exposure to many facets of anatomic and clinical pathology. This includes a variety of gross anatomic pathology and microscopic pathology and occasional autopsy cases as well as many of the cases encountered in a busy frozen section laboratory thus gaining a better opportunity and understanding of diseases and their clinical correlation.

The student is finally exposed to a variety of common and uncommon surgical specimens.

OBJECTIVES

1.       Provide a transition between basic Medical sciences and the clinical practice of medicine.

2.       Co–ordinate basic scientific knowledge with clinically observed signs and symptoms, laboratory studies and pathological alterations thus providing a framework for better understanding of health and disease.

3.       Understand the mechanisms by which pathological processes result in clinical symptoms as a foundation for developing diagnostic skills in clinical medicine (differential diagnosis and laboratory evaluation) and integrate scientific disciplines for a rational analysis of disease processes.

4.       To understand structural alterations (anatomic, histological and ultrastructural abnormalities) and resulting functional alterations or disturbances. (Pathophysiological abnormalities) caused by pathological processes and correlate the current knowledge of clinical manifestations of specific disease processes.

5.       Understand principles related to aetiology (cause), pathogenesis (mechanism) and clinico – pathological correlation.

6.       Describe and identify the gross microscopic changes that occur in human diseases.

7.       Understand the natural history of disease processes.

8.       Understand the abnormal physiology caused by pathological processes as a foundation for therapeutic intervention (pharmacological and surgical).

9.       Integration of the teaching of pathology into a problem – oriented, patient based organ – system pathophysiology course.

10.   Enhancement of the development of skill in problem solving, independent learning resource utilization and team work. To become familiar as a team with the purpose and methods of post – mortem examinations.

11.   Learn the principles of gross specimen examination, histologic interpretation of slides and clinicopathological correlation.

12.   Become familiar with the working of a large anatomic pathology practice with emphasis on the frozen section laboratory.

13.   Learn ancillary diagnostic techniques such as biopsy and interpretation, immunohisto chemistry and in situ hybridization. Also the preservation of specimens and corpse (cadavers).

 

TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS

The course will be presented as lectures, tutorials, seminars, and practical session with accurate use of microscopes, Gross specimen identifications, laboratory case studies and discussions designed to provide adequate orientation and background in pathology.

Reference texts, literatures and demonstrations including post-mortems related to case histories with questions designed to elicit consideration of major conceptual problems of the disease(s) under study will be employed.

EVALUATION

This will be in form of continuous assessment as stated in the overall goals of the medical school programme in line with National University Commission (NUC) guidelines.

Such assessment will be in form of glass slides, kodachromes and pathology specimen identifications, multiple choice and short answer questions and occasional oral examinations.

The final examination shall be along with the other pathology departments as a single entity and as stated in the guidelines for 3rd MBBS examinations.

 

300 LEVEL CLASS

 

 

PAT 371:  GENERAL PATHOLOGY (3 CREDITS)

Course objective:

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe the general abnormalities of the human body.

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

 

Content

General pathology 1

a)      Use of microscope and maintenance.

b)      Tissue processing and preservation.

General pathology 2

a)      Cell injury/Response

b)      Inflammation/Repair

c)       Immunopathology

-     Hypersensitivity states

-     Autoimmune disease

-     Graft Reaction

-     Immunodeficiency states

-     Amyloidosis

          d) Fluid and Haemodynamic disorders

          e) Cytogenetics/Molecular biology

          f) Pathology of Neoplasia

          g) Laboratory Procedures in Pathology

 

PAT 373: PRACTICAL IN PATHOLOGY (1 CREDIT)

Autopsy

 

400 LEVEL CLASS

 

PAT 471: SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY (2 CREDITS)

Course objective:

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe abnormalities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculo-skeletal and nervous system, to include pathology of infectious diseases.

 

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

 

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

 

Content

Cardiovascular Pathology

-Atherosclerosis,

-Vasculitis/Hypertension

-Vascular tumours

-Heart - Pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure

-Rheumatic heart disease

-Cardiomyopathies

-Endocarditis

-Ischaemic heart diseases

-Hypertensive pathophysiology

 

Respiratory pathology

-Pathophysiology of Respiration

-Tracheo-bronchial abnormality

-Respiratory Distress Syndrome

-Chronic obstructive airway disease.

-Pulmonary infections

-Pneumoconiosis

-Pulmonary neoplasia.

 

Gastrointestinal pathology

-Congenital abnormalities of gastrointestinal tract.

Oesophagus:-

(a)    Inflammatory diseases

(b)    Neoplasia

 

Stomach and Intestine

(a)    Inflammatory disease

(b)    Neoplasia of G.I.T.

(c)    Malabsorption syndrome

 

Liver/biliary pathology

-Pathophysiolgy of Liver function.

-Hepatitis

-Metabolic disorder of liver

-Neoplasia.

 

Pancreatic disorders

-Inflammation

-Metabolic Disorders

-Neoplasia

 

Pathology of Genitourinary systems. Male genital system

-Inflammation - Penis, testis

-Congenital disorders: Penis, testis

-Neoplasia - germ cell tumor

-Prostate: - inflammation

                 - Neoplasia.

 

Pathology of Genitourinary systems. Vulva/vagina

-Inflammatory diseases

-Neoplasia

 

Pathology of Genitourinary systems. Cervix/uterus

-Pelvic inflammatory disease

-Dysplasia

-Neoplasia

-DUB – Pathological bases

 

Pathology of Genitourinary systems. Ovary

-Neoplasia

 

Breast

-Inflammation

-Cystic mastopathy

-Neoplasia

 

Central nervous system (CNS)

-Congenital abnormalities

-Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema

-Infectious diseases

-Traumatic cranial injuries

-Non-traumatic haemorrhagic diseases

-Demyelinating diseases of CNS

-Degenerative disease of the CNS

-Metabolic Disorders of CNS

-Neoplasia

 

Kidney/urinary bladder

-Congenital Diseases

-Glomerolonephitritis

-Pyelonephritis/UTI

-Pathology of Acute/Chronic Renal failure

-Urinary bladder

-Inflammation

-Neoplasia

 

Musculo-skeletal system

Bones: - Pathophysiology of bone remodeling

-Inflammation

-Metabolic Diseases of bones

-Neoplasia

Connective tissue diseases

-Neoplasia

 

Pathology of infectious diseases

-Leprosy, Tuberculosis

-Typhoid enteritis

-Schistosomiasis

-Pathology of  Malaria

-Trypanosomaisis

-Cholera

-Leishmaniasis

-Haemorrhagic fevers: - Lassa & Yellow fevers etc

-Animal poison - e.g. Snake bites, insect bites, etc

-Protein - calorie malnutrition.

-Pathology and fungal diseases

-          Trematodes

-          Nematodes

-          Cestodes

-          Protozoa

 

Basics

§         Basic research methodology in Histopathology including manuscript writing and research grant proposal writing.

§         Basic Computer science in Histopathology

§         Ethics in Histopathology

                       

 

500 LEVEL CLASS

 

PAT 571: POSTING IN MORBID ANATOMY & HISTOPATHOLOGY (4 CREDITS)

PAT 572: TUTORIALS IN MORBID ANATOMY & HAEMATOLOGY (2 CREDITS)

PAT 573:  FORENSIC MEDICINE/PATHOLOGY (2 CREDITS)

Course objective:

At the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe the abnormalities of the human body of legal and forensic interest.

 

Teaching & Learning Methods:

Lectures, tutorials

Problem based learning.

 

Evaluation

MCQ (True-False items, Essay, Practical)

 

Content

Forensic pathology

-Signs and symptoms of death

-Identification of human tissue

-Death certification

-Medical Ethics/Homicides

-Malpractice (Medical)

-Medico-legal wounds

-Ballistic injuries

-Road traffic accidents

-Mass casualty

-Exhumation

-Toxicology- identification of poison/ types of poison

o        Sedative drugs

o        Tranquilizer

o        Corrosive agents

o        Organophosohorus compounds

 

Poisonous gases

§         CO

§         CO2

§         H2S

 

 

600 LEVEL CLASS

 

Pathology seminars to be regularly organised by all Pathology Departments