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DEPARTMENT
OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES 1.
Understand the structure and biologic properties of various
microorganisms and parasites. 2.
Understand the virulence of micro-organisms and parasites and the
pathophysiology of infectious diseases 3.
Appreciate the clinical features of disease entities, the
diagnostic evaluation, the role of the microbiology and parasitology
labouratories in the treatment of various infectious diseases. TEACHING
& LEARNING METHODS Teachings
will be by formal lectures, practical sessions, Laboratory work and
seminars EVALUATION Evaluation
will be by continuous assessment in the form of attendance to lectures,
practicals and postings. Also there will be continuous
assessments/examinations on a regular basis. The main examination (3rd
MBBS) is along with other Pathology disciplines and Pharmacology. LECTURE
HOURS FOR EACH SECTION.
COURSE
(300/400 level)
(400/500 level) **
BACTERIOLOGY/ MYCOLOGY
12
4
14
4 PARASITOLOGY
12
4
14
4 IMMUNOLOGY
8
2
10
2
300
LEVEL CLASS MIB
376: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY (4 CREDITS) Course
objectives: At
the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe
parasitic infestations, their diagnostic
features and collection of samples for the diagnosis. Teaching
& Learning Methods: Lectures,
tutorials Problem
based learning. Evaluation MCQ
(True-False items, Essay, Practical) Content Parasitology Introduction
to Parasitology Historical perspectives, importance of Parasitology to
Clinical Medicine and man. a)
Transmission of parasitic infections b)
Simple classification of parasites of medical
importance c)
Definition of terminologies: parasitism,
infections, infestation, zoonosis etc. (i)
Factors affecting parasite growth and development in the host (ii)
Host-parasite interactions in the pathogenesis of parasitic
infections. Introduction
to protozoan classification, morphology, distributions and life cycles
of protozoans. Blood
and tissue protozoan diseases malaria, trypanosomiasis, Chagas
disease, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis) Intestinal
protozoan diseases amoebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis,
balantidiasis etc) Microscopic
examination and simple diagnostic procedures used in clinical parasitology. Staining
techniques in clinical parasitology Collection
and transportation of clinical samples. Control
of parasitic infections. Effects of socio-economic, cultural,
environmental and other factors on parasitic infections. Bacteriology
and Mycology
-History
of Microbiology (Major scientists and their discoveries, the place of
Microbiology in Industry/medicine/agriculture, etc. -Laboratory
safety -Structure
and general properties of bacteria and fungi. -Simple
classification and nomenclature of bacteria of medical importance -Simple
classification of pathogenic fungi, methods of cultivation and
identification. -Growth
and Nutrition of bacteria. (Phases of bacterial growth, anabolism and
catabolism, components and types of media, influence of oxygen, pH,
temperature, light, osmotic pressure etc on bacterial growth, selective
media etc. -Pathogenesis
of bacteria; host-bacterial interactions. -Bacterial
genetics. -Sterilization
and asepsis. -Disinfection -Collection
and transportation of clinical specimens. -Staining
techniques in Bacteriology. -Microscopic
examination and simple diagnostic procedure in bacteriology. -Anti-microbial
agents/Anti-bacterial drugs classification, modes and sites of action,
modes of antibiotic resistance, principles of chemotherapy, etc. Immunology
-Introduction: Historical background. Origins of
Immunology. -Innate
Immunity: Natural defense mechanisms -
Cellular components of innate immunity -
Acute phase proteins,
complements, cytokines. -
Phagocytosis. -Antigens
properties of antigens and haptens. Factors affecting immunogenicity. -Organs
of the Immune system, bone marrow, Thymus, spleen, hymph nodes and GIT -Acquired
Immunity (A) Humoral -
Immunoglobulins
(Igs) -
Structures of Igs -
Properties and functions of Igs -
Biosynthesis of Ab. -Acquired
Immunity (B) Cell mediated Immunity (CMI) -
Cells involved -
Role of Lymphokines -
In-vivo and In-vitro tests of CMI.
-Antigen Antibody reactions. -Deficiencies
in CMI -Hypersensitivities -Immunisations. Virology
-Introduction to Virology structure, general
properties of viruses and simple classification of viruses. -Epidemiology
and pathogenesis of human virus infections. -Host
response to virus infection and prevention of viral replication -Viral
replication -Collection,
transportation and preservation of clinical samples -Microscopic
examination and simple diagnostic procedures used in virology -Chemotherapy
of viral infections. Parasitology
-Toxoplasmosis and other coccidial diseases. -Introduction
to nematodes: classification, distribution, morphology, life cycles and
diagnosis of medically important nematodes. -Diseases
of blood and tissue nematodes filariasis, dracontiasis, trichinellosis. -Diseases
of Intestinal nematodes: ascariasis, ancylostomiasis. -Diseases
of Intestinal nematodes: strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, oxyuriasis. -Trematodes:
classification, distribution, morphology, life cycles and diagnosis of
medically important trematodes .
a) Blood flukes;b) Liver flukes;c) Intestinal flukes; d)Lung
flukes. -Cestodes:
classification, distribution, morphology, life cycles and diagnosis of
medically important cestodes. (a)Taenia
species, (b) Hymenolepis species, (c) Echinococcus species (d)
Diphyllobothrium latum. -Sexually
transmitted parasitic diseases aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and
control.. -Larva
migrans and myiasis. -Parasitic
zoonoses. -Parasite
vectors: classification of medically important parasite vectors: sandfly,
tsetse fly, biting midges, mosquitoes etc. Bacteriology -Terminologies in Infectious diseases; normal flora,
commensal, opportunistic, infection, colonization, communicable diseases,
virulence, pathogenicity, incubation period, invasiveness, toxin, exotoxin,
endotoxin, enterotoxin, antitoxin, toxoid, exogenous, endogenous, endemic,
epidemic, pandemic, zoonosis, bacteraemia, septicaemia, toxaemia, etc. -Staphylococci
and its infections -Streptococci
and its infections -Paediatric
Infections and emerging infectious diseases. -Neisseriae
and its infections -Corynebacteria
and its infections -Upper
Respiratory tract infections -Lower
Respiratory tract infections. (pyogenic infections) (streptococci,
staphylococci, Klebsiella etc) chronic infections (tuberculosis, fungi). -Urinary
tract infections, cardiac infections, hepatitis and intra-abdominal
infections -Central
nervous system infections -Mycobacterial
Infections: TB and leprosy (Mycoplasma) -Blood
Stream Infections -Bones,
joints, skin and soft tissue Infections -Enterobacteriaceae -Other
Gram Negative bacteria: Haemophilus, Pseudomonads, Helicobacter and
Campylobacter. -Infective
diarrhoeas/Gastroenteritis -Anaerobic
Infections/bacteria and spirochaetes -Sexually
Transmitted Infections including HIV/AIDS and Chlamydia. -Food
poisoning -Zoonotic
bacterial diseases. -Actinomycosis
and Nocardiosis. -Yeasts. -Superficial
mycosis, cutaneous mycosis, subcutaneous and systemic mycosis. -Opportunistic
Infections. -Hospital
acquired Infections (Nosocomial infections) -Chemotherapy
and Antibiotics. 400
LEVEL CLASS MIB
476: INFECTIOUS DISEASES (4
CREDITS)
Course
objectives: At
the end of the course the student should be able to list and describe
infectious disease caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites and
describe the immune responses to these infectious agents. Teaching
& Learning Methods: Lectures,
tutorials Problem
based learning. Evaluation MCQ
(True-False items, Essay, Practical) Content Immunology -Tolerance,
Immunodeficiency (Humoral) -Autoimmunity; mechanisms involved. Examples of
Autoimmune diseases. -RIA
Systems Immunogenetics (Introduction) -Tissue
and organ Transplantation -Nutrition
and Immunity -Immunity
and Bacterial Infections -Immunity,
Parasitic and Fungal Infections -Immunity
and Viral Infections -Immunity
and Malignancies, tumour antigens -Vaccinations
and Immunizations -Immunosuppression
and Immunopotentiation (Immunotherapeutics). -Molecular
Biology techniques in the diagnosis of infection. Virology
-Upper respiratory tract viral infections -RSV,
croup, measles, influenza virus -Lower
respiratory tract viral infections -Central
Nervous system viral infections -Sexually
Transmitted Infections (viral) including HIV/AIDS, Mononucleosis-like
illnesses -and Infections of the Immune compromised host -Diagnosis
of sexually transmitted Infections (viral) -Viral
exanthemas papillomas, Herpes group, rubella and pox group of viruses. -Viral
Gastro-enteritis Echo, Coxsackie, Rotavirus, Adenovirus. -Viral
haemorrhagic fevers: Yellow fever, Lassa fever, Marburg etc -Emerging
Infectious Diseases -Tumour-forming
viruses -Zoonotic
viral diseases and Travel related infections -Congenital
Viral infections. Basics: Application
of Molecular Biology Techniques in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Application
of Computer Science in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Basic
research methodologies in medical microbiology and Parasitology Ethics
in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology 500
LEVEL CLASS MIB
576: POSTING IN MEDICAL
MICROBIOLOGY (4 CREDITS) MIB
577: TUTORIALS IN
MICROBIOLOGY (2 CREDITS) 500/600
level-Pathology seminars to be regularly organised by all Pathology
Departments |
